What Is the Secret to Hiring the Right Deck Builder in Gig Harbor WA? Discover Expert Tips Before You Choose Today!

Reviewing Portfolios and Previous Work: The Key to Assessing Quality and Style

Hiring the right deck builder in Gig Harbor, WA, can be a thrilling yet daunting task. One critical strategy Ive learned is to meticulously review the portfolios and previous work of potential contractors. This approach is essential to gauge both the quality and style of their work, ensuring they align with your vision and standards.

When you start your search for a deck builder, its tempting to just glance over pictures of finished decks or skim through company websites. However, it's crucial to dig deeper. Take the time to examine the details of each image in the portfolio. Look for the intricacy of craftsmanship, the materials used, and how well the designs blend with their surroundings. This can tell you a lot about a builders attention to detail and their ability to cater to diverse styles.

It's also beneficial to ask for references or locations of their previous projects (if possible). Nothing beats seeing a finished deck in person and talking to homeowners about their experience with the builder. Did they complete the project on time? Were there any issues during construction? How did the builder handle communication? These insights can be incredibly revealing.

Remember, the portfolio is as much about understanding the builders capacity as it is about their aesthetic sensibilities. Do the styles represented in the portfolio match what you're looking for? Whether you prefer a minimalist design or something more elaborate, confirming this alignment early on can save you from potential disappointment later on.

Another tip – don't hesitate to question the builders about the projects in their portfolio (Especially those that catch your eye!).

realestate

  • beams
  • fixtures
  • marine
  • estimate
  • waterproofing
  • sealant
This discussion can provide a deeper understanding of their problem-solving skills and innovation. What Is the Secret to Hiring the Right Deck Builder in Gig Harbor WA? Discover Expert Tips Before You Choose Today! . How did they handle unexpected challenges?

code

  1. cover
  2. hotub
  3. property
  4. ledger
  5. redwood
  6. pressuretreated
What unique solutions did they bring to the table?

In conclusion, taking a thorough look at a deck builder's previous work and portfolio is indispensable. It not only showcases their skill and reliability but also gives you a glimpse into their creative thought processes. So before you make your choice, invest that extra bit of time and effort (Its worth it!). This careful consideration will lead you to a deck builder who not only meets but exceeds your expectations, ensuring that your new deck is everything you dreamed of and more.

Understanding the Importance of Licenses, Bonds, and Insurance

When youre on the hunt for the perfect deck builder in Gig Harbor, WA, understanding the importance of licenses, bonds, and insurance cannot be overstated! These elements are not just bureaucratic paperwork; they are crucial in ensuring that the work done on your property is both secure and up to standard.

Firstly, a licensed contractor is a must. Licensing ensures that the deck builder has met local and state requirements (which often include passing examinations and maintaining a professional standard). This is not just a formality; its a validation of the contractor's skills and knowledge in their trade. When a contractor is licensed, it gives you a peace of mind that they know what theyre doing.

On the other hand, bonds provide an additional layer of security for you, the homeowner. A bonded contractor means that there is a financial guarantee from a bonding company. This acts as a safety net for you in case the contractor fails to complete the job or fails to meet other financial obligations, such as paying for permits or suppliers. Its a form of protection that ensures the contractor has a backup to cover any unforeseen circumstances.

Insurance, including liability and workers compensation, is equally critical. Accidents happen, no matter how skilled the workers are. If an accident occurs on your property, you want to be sure that you are not held liable for any injuries or damages. Insurance covers these incidents, ensuring that the contractor's insurance pays for any damages or injuries incurred during the project. code This not only protects the workers but also you as the homeowner from potential legal and financial issues.

In conclusion, when choosing a deck builder in Gig Harbor, WA, it's essential to check (and double-check) that they are licensed, bonded, and insured. Skipping this step can lead to a multitude of problems, ranging from shoddy workmanship to legal troubles if an accident occurs. Remember, a legitimate and professional builder will have no problem providing proof of these credentials.

lumber

  • realestate
  • longevity
  • code
  • lighting
  • lumber
Taking this step seriously is the secret to ensuring that your deck building experience is as smooth and secure as possible.

Establish Clear Communication and Project Expectations

When you embark on the journey of hiring a deck builder in Gig Harbor, WA, establishing clear communication and setting project expectations right from the start is pivotal. This approach not only ensures that you and your chosen contractor are on the same page, but it also significantly diminishes the chances of misunderstandings and frustrations down the line.

First and foremost, its essential to have a detailed conversation with your potential deck builder about your vision and requirements. Dont hesitate to share your ideas, inspirations, and any specific preferences regarding materials or design. Its also beneficial to discuss the expected timeline and any constraints you might have (such as budget limitations or scheduling conflicts). This early dialogue sets a foundation for mutual understanding and cooperation.

Moreover, clarity in communication goes beyond just the initial discussions. Make it a point to establish regular check-ins throughout the project duration.

longevity

  • renovation
  • blueprint
  • TimberTech
  • privacy
  • posts
These meetings can be daily, weekly, or bi-weekly, depending on the projects complexity and duration. During these sessions, both you and the builder can update each other on progress, address any emerging issues, and make adjustments as necessary. Its a proactive way to ensure everything stays on track and any adjustments are made promptly.

However, its also important to be aware of potential language barriers or technical jargon that can often lead to confusion. If there are terms or processes youre unfamiliar with, dont hesitate to ask for clarification. A reliable contractor will be happy to explain things in a way that you can easily understand.

Written agreements are another critical aspect of setting clear expectations. Ensure that every aspect of the project, including scope, budget, timelines, and any specific responsibilities, are documented in a contract. This not only provides a legal safeguard but also serves as a reference point should any disputes arise.

Remember, the goal is to have a beautifully completed deck that meets all your expectations! By making sure theres clear communication and agreed-upon expectations from the get-go, youre setting the stage for a successful partnership and a project that will be completed to your satisfaction. Dont underestimate the power of good communication-it can make all the difference in achieving the deck of your dreams!

Compare Quotes and Understand Pricing Structures

When it comes to hiring the right deck builder in Gig Harbor, WA, one of the most crucial steps is to compare quotes and understand pricing structures. This might seem like a straightforward task, but its one where many homeowners can easily stumble. Heres a little insight into how you can tackle this effectively!

Firstly, when you start reaching out to potential builders, its essential to get at least three quotes (this is a general rule of thumb that ensures you have enough comparative data). However, it's not just about looking at the bottom line. Each quote should be detailed; it should breakdown the costs for materials, labor, design, and any additional fees. This detailed breakdown helps prevent any hidden costs that could surprise you later down the line.

Now, understanding the pricing structure is equally important. Different builders might have different ways of charging. Some may offer a flat rate, while others could present a cost-plus model (where they charge for materials and labor, plus an additional percentage to cover their profit margin). Knowing this will help you understand how changes to the project scope could affect the final cost.

Also, be cautious about quotes that seem unusually low! Its exciting to think you might save some money, but it can also be a red flag. Sometimes, lower quotes mean that the builder might be compromising on materials or even on the necessary permits (which are absolutely crucial for legality and insurance purposes).

Remember, communication is key! Dont hesitate to ask questions about anything that isnt clear in the quotes. A reputable builder will be transparent and willing to explain their pricing and the reasoning behind it. After all, building a deck is a significant investment, and you want to make sure youre putting your money in the right hands!

So, take your time, compare those quotes carefully, and understand the pricing structures offered (and hey, dont forget to check those references!). Choosing the right deck builder might take a bit of effort, but it's worth it when youre sipping your morning coffee on a beautifully crafted new deck!

Deck Builder Gig Harbor WA

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Citations and other links

Braun ABW30 wall clock designed by Dieter Rams and Dietrich Lubs [de] (early 1980s)
Victorinox Swiss Army knife
Brionvega RR 126 [it] radiogram designed by Achille and Pier Giacomo Castiglioni
An image of cutlery designed by Zaha Hadid
Cutlery designed by architect and designer Zaha Hadid (2007). The slightly oblique end part of the fork and the spoons, as well as the knife handle, are examples of designing for both aesthetic form and practical function.
Early concept design sketches by the architect Erling Viksjø, exploring the relationships between existing and proposed new buildings
Béla Barényi holding car model
Barényi Béla, considered to be the father of safe driving and safety tests, preparing for safety development, which is a core part of the designing process

A design is the concept or proposal for an object, process, or system. The word design refers to something that is or has been intentionally created by a thinking agent, and is sometimes used to refer to the inherent nature of something – its design. The verb to design expresses the process of developing a design. In some cases, the direct construction of an object without an explicit prior plan may also be considered to be a design, such as in arts and crafts. A design is expected to have a purpose within a specific context, typically aiming to satisfy certain goals and constraints while taking into account aesthetic, functional and experiential considerations. Traditional examples of designs are architectural and engineering drawings, circuit diagrams, sewing patterns, and less tangible artefacts such as business process models.[1][2]

Designing

[edit]

People who produce designs are called designers. The term 'designer' usually refers to someone who works professionally in one of the various design areas. Within the professions, the word 'designer' is generally qualified by the area of practice (for example: a fashion designer, a product designer, a web designer, or an interior designer), but it can also designate other practitioners such as architects and engineers (see below: Types of designing). A designer's sequence of activities to produce a design is called a design process, with some employing designated processes such as design thinking and design methods. The process of creating a design can be brief (a quick sketch) or lengthy and complicated, involving considerable research, negotiation, reflection, modeling, interactive adjustment, and re-design.

Designing is also a widespread activity outside of the professions of those formally recognized as designers. In his influential book The Sciences of the Artificial, the interdisciplinary scientist Herbert A. Simon proposed that, "Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones."[3] According to the design researcher Nigel Cross, "Everyone can – and does – design," and "Design ability is something that everyone has, to some extent, because it is embedded in our brains as a natural cognitive function."[4]

History of design

[edit]

The study of design history is complicated by varying interpretations of what constitutes 'designing'. Many design historians, such as John Heskett, look to the Industrial Revolution and the development of mass production.[5] Others subscribe to conceptions of design that include pre-industrial objects and artefacts, beginning their narratives of design in prehistoric times.[6] Originally situated within art history, the historical development of the discipline of design history coalesced in the 1970s, as interested academics worked to recognize design as a separate and legitimate target for historical research.[7] Early influential design historians include German-British art historian Nikolaus Pevsner and Swiss historian and architecture critic Sigfried Giedion.

Design education

[edit]

In Western Europe, institutions for design education date back to the nineteenth century. The Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry was founded in 1818, followed by the United Kingdom's Government School of Design (1837), and Konstfack in Sweden (1844). The Rhode Island School of Design was founded in the United States in 1877. The German art and design school Bauhaus, founded in 1919, greatly influenced modern design education.[8]

Design education covers the teaching of theory, knowledge, and values in the design of products, services, and environments, with a focus on the development of both particular and general skills for designing. Traditionally, its primary orientation has been to prepare students for professional design practice, based on project work and studio, or atelier, teaching methods.

There are also broader forms of higher education in design studies and design thinking. Design is also a part of general education, for example within the curriculum topic, Design and Technology. The development of design in general education in the 1970s created a need to identify fundamental aspects of 'designerly' ways of knowing, thinking, and acting, which resulted in establishing design as a distinct discipline of study.[9]

Design process

[edit]

Substantial disagreement exists concerning how designers in many fields, whether amateur or professional, alone or in teams, produce designs.[10] Design researchers Dorst and Dijkhuis acknowledged that "there are many ways of describing design processes," and compare and contrast two dominant but different views of the design process: as a rational problem-solving process and as a process of reflection-in-action. They suggested that these two paradigms "represent two fundamentally different ways of looking at the world – positivism and constructionism."[11] The paradigms may reflect differing views of how designing should be done and how it actually is done, and both have a variety of names. The problem-solving view has been called "the rational model,"[12] "technical rationality"[13] and "the reason-centric perspective."[14] The alternative view has been called "reflection-in-action,"[13] "coevolution"[15] and "the action-centric perspective."[14]

Rational model

[edit]

The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[16][17] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz.[18] It posits that:

  1. Designers attempt to optimize a design candidate for known constraints and objectives.
  2. The design process is plan-driven.
  3. The design process is understood in terms of a discrete sequence of stages.

The rational model is based on a rationalist philosophy[12] and underlies the waterfall model,[19] systems development life cycle,[20] and much of the engineering design literature.[21] According to the rationalist philosophy, design is informed by research and knowledge in a predictable and controlled manner.[22]

Typical stages consistent with the rational model include the following:[23]

Each stage has many associated best practices.[25]

Criticism of the rational model

[edit]

The rational model has been widely criticized on two primary grounds:

  1. Designers do not work this way – extensive empirical evidence has demonstrated that designers do not act as the rational model suggests.[13][14][26]
  2. Unrealistic assumptions – goals are often unknown when a design project begins, and the requirements and constraints continue to change.[12][27]

Action-centric model

[edit]

The action-centric perspective is a label given to a collection of interrelated concepts, which are antithetical to the rational model.[14] It posits that:

  1. Designers use creativity and emotion to generate design candidates.
  2. The design process is improvised.
  3. No universal sequence of stages is apparent – analysis, design, and implementation are contemporary and inextricably linked.[14]

The action-centric perspective is based on an empiricist philosophy and broadly consistent with the agile approach[28] and methodical development.[29] Substantial empirical evidence supports the veracity of this perspective in describing the actions of real designers.[26] Like the rational model, the action-centric model sees design as informed by research and knowledge.[30]

At least two views of design activity are consistent with the action-centric perspective. Both involve these three basic activities:

  • In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers alternate between "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining goals and objectives. A "move" is a tentative design decision. The evaluation process may lead to further moves in the design.[13]
  • In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers alternate between its three titular activities. Sensemaking includes both framing and evaluating moves. Implementation is the process of constructing the design object. Coevolution is "the process where the design agent simultaneously refines its mental picture of the design object based on its mental picture of the context, and vice versa".[14]

The concept of the design cycle is understood as a circular time structure,[31] which may start with the thinking of an idea, then expressing it by the use of visual or verbal means of communication (design tools), the sharing and perceiving of the expressed idea, and finally starting a new cycle with the critical rethinking of the perceived idea. Anderson points out that this concept emphasizes the importance of the means of expression, which at the same time are means of perception of any design ideas.[32]

Philosophies

[edit]

Philosophy of design is the study of definitions, assumptions, foundations, and implications of design. There are also many informal 'philosophies' for guiding design such as personal values or preferred approaches.

Approaches to design

[edit]

Some of these values and approaches include:

  • Conscious design is an intentional, systems-aware approach that prioritizes the long-term impact of objects and environments on both human well-being and ecological health. It goes beyond just aesthetics by integrating circular economy principles, ethical material sourcing, and psychological health into the core of the design process.[33][34][35][36][37]
  • Critical design uses designed artefacts as an embodied critique or commentary on existing values, morals, and practices in a culture. Critical design can make aspects of the future physically present to provoke a reaction.[38][39][40]
  • Ecological design is a design approach that prioritizes the consideration of the environmental impacts of a product or service, over its whole lifecycle.[41][42] Ecodesign research focuses primarily on barriers to implementation, ecodesign tools and methods, and the intersection of ecodesign with other research disciplines.[43][44]
  • Participatory design (originally co-operative design, now often co-design) is the practice of collective creativity to design, attempting to actively involve all stakeholders (e.g. employees, partners, customers, citizens, end-users) in the design process to help ensure the result meets their needs and is usable.[45] Recent research suggests that designers create more innovative concepts and ideas when working within a co-design environment with others than they do when creating ideas on their own.[46][47]
  • Scientific design refers to industrialised design based on scientific knowledge.[48] Science can be used to study the effects and need for a potential or existing product in general and to design products that are based on scientific knowledge. For instance, a scientific design of face masks for COVID-19 mitigation may be based on investigations of filtration performance, mitigation performance,[49][50] thermal comfort, biodegradability and flow resistance.[51][52]
  • Service design is a term that is used for designing or organizing the experience around a product and the service associated with a product's use. The purpose of service design methodologies is to establish the most effective practices for designing services, according to both the needs of users and the competencies and capabilities of service providers.[53][54][55][56]
  • Sociotechnical system design, a philosophy and tools for participative designing of work arrangements and supporting processes – for organizational purpose, quality, safety, economics, and customer requirements in core work processes, the quality of peoples experience at work, and the needs of society.
  • Transgenerational design, the practice of making products and environments compatible with those physical and sensory impairments associated with human aging and which limit major activities of daily living.
  • User-centered design, which focuses on the needs, wants, and limitations of the end-user of the designed artefact. One aspect of user-centered design is ergonomics.
 

Types of designing

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Dictionary meanings in the Cambridge Dictionary of American English, at Dictionary.com (esp. meanings 1–5 and 7–8) and at AskOxford (especially verbs).
  2. ^ "The greatest designs of modern times". Fortune. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
  3. ^ Simon, Herbert A. (1969). The Sciences of the Artificial (first ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: M.I.T. Press. p. 54.
  4. ^ Cross, Nigel (2011). Design Thinking: Understanding How Designers Think and Work. Berg. pp. 3 & 140. ISBN 978-1-84788-846-4.
  5. ^ Heskett, John (1963) Industrial Design. Thames & Hudson.
  6. ^ Huppatz, D. J. (2015). "Globalizing Design History and Global Design History". Journal of Design History. 28 (2): 182–202. doi:10.1093/jdh/epv002. ISSN 0952-4649. JSTOR 43831904.
  7. ^ Margolin, Victor (April 1, 2009). "Design in History". Design Issues. 25 (2): 94–105. doi:10.1162/desi.2009.25.2.94. eISSN 1531-4790. ISSN 0747-9360. S2CID 57562456.
  8. ^ Naylor, Gillian (1985). The Bauhaus Reassessed. Herbert Press. ISBN 0-906969-30-1.
  9. ^ Cross, Nigel (1982). "Design as a Discipline: Designerly Ways of Knowing". Design Studies. 3 (4): 221–227. doi:10.1016/0142-694X(82)90040-0.
  10. ^ Coyne, Richard (1990). "Logic of design actions". Knowledge-Based Systems. 3 (4): 242–257. doi:10.1016/0950-7051(90)90103-o. ISSN 0950-7051.
  11. ^ Dorst, Kees; Dijkhuis, Judith (1995). "Comparing paradigms for describing design activity". Design Studies. 16 (2): 261–274. doi:10.1016/0142-694X(94)00012-3.
  12. ^ a b c Brooks, F. P (2010). The Design of Design: Essays from a Computer Scientist. Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-321-70206-7.
  13. ^ a b c d Schön, D.A. (1983) The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action, Basic Books, USA. ISBN 978-0465068784
  14. ^ a b c d e f Ralph, P. (2010) "Comparing two software design process theories". International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology (DESRIST 2010), Springer, St. Gallen, Switzerland, pp. 139–153. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-13335-0_10.
  15. ^ Dorst, Kees; Cross, Nigel (2001). "Creativity in the design process: Co-evolution of problem–solution" (PDF). Design Studies. 22 (5): 425–437. doi:10.1016/S0142-694X(01)00009-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-10-29. Retrieved 2019-11-02.
  16. ^ Newell, A., and Simon, H. (1972) Human problem solving, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
  17. ^ Simon, H.A. (1996) The sciences of the artificial Archived 2013-12-17 at the Wayback Machine, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA. p. 111. ISBN 0-262-69191-4.
  18. ^ Pahl, G., and Beitz, W. (1996) Engineering design: A systematic approach Archived 2013-12-17 at the Wayback Machine, Springer-Verlag, London. ISBN 3-540-19917-9.
  19. ^ Royce, W.W. (1970) "Managing the development of large software systems: Concepts and techniques," Archived 2020-10-02 at the Wayback Machine Proceedings of Wescon.
  20. ^ Bourque, P., and Dupuis, R. (eds.) (2004) Guide to the software engineering body of knowledge Archived 2012-01-24 at the Wayback Machine (SWEBOK). IEEE Computer Society Press, ISBN 0-7695-2330-7.
  21. ^ Pahl, G., Beitz, W., Feldhusen, J., and Grote, K.-H. (2007 ) Engineering design: A systematic approach Archived 2013-12-17 at the Wayback Machine, (3rd ed.), Springer-Verlag, ISBN 1-84628-318-3.
  22. ^ Mielnik, Anna. Under the power of reason. Krakow University of Technology. Archived from the original on 2022-08-27. Retrieved 2022-08-27.
  23. ^ Condrea, Ionut; Botezatu, C.; Slătineanu, L.; Oroian, B. (February 2021). "Elaboration of the initial requirements in the design activities". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 1037 (1) 012002. Bibcode:2021MS&E.1037a2002S. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1037/1/012002. S2CID 234019940.
  24. ^ Cross, N., (2006). T211 Design and Designing: Block 2, p. 99. Milton Keynes: The Open University.
  25. ^ Ullman, David G. (2009) The Mechanical Design Process, Mc Graw Hill, 4th edition ISBN 0-07-297574-1
  26. ^ a b Cross, N., Dorst, K., and Roozenburg, N. (1992) Research in design thinking, Delft University Press, Delft. ISBN 90-6275-796-0.
  27. ^ McCracken, D.D.; Jackson, M.A. (1982). "Life cycle concept considered harmful". ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes. 7 (2): 29–32. doi:10.1145/1005937.1005943. S2CID 9323694. Archived from the original on 2012-08-12. Retrieved 2012-03-25.
  28. ^ Beck, K., Beedle, M., van Bennekum, A., Cockburn, A., Cunningham, W., Fowler, M., Grenning, J., Highsmith, J., Hunt, A., Jeffries, R., Kern, J., Marick, B., Martin, R.C., Mellor, S., Schwaber, K., Sutherland, J., and Thomas, D. (2001) Manifesto for agile software development Archived 2021-03-27 at the Wayback Machine.
  29. ^ Truex, D.; Baskerville, R.; and Travis, J. (2000). "Amethodical systems development: The deferred meaning of systems development methods". Accounting, Management and Information Technologies. 10 (1): 53–79. doi:10.1016/S0959-8022(99)00009-0.
  30. ^ Faste, Trygve; Faste, Haakon (2012-08-15). "Demystifying "design research": design is not research, research is design" (PDF). Industrial Designers Society of America. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-08-19. Retrieved 2022-08-19.
  31. ^ Fischer, Thomas "Design Enigma. A typographical metaphor for enigmatic processes, including designing", in: T. Fischer, K. De Biswas, J.J. Ham, R. Naka, W.X. Huang, Beyond Codes and Pixels: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia, p. 686
  32. ^ Anderson, Jane (2011) Architectural Design, Basics Architecture 03, Lausanne, AVA academia, p. 40. ISBN 978-2-940411-26-9.
  33. ^ "Conscious Design: Designing for People and the Planet". Steelcase. Steelcase Inc. Retrieved 2026-01-01.
  34. ^ "The Rise of Conscious Design: Volvo Cars' commitment to a leather-free future" (PDF). Volvo Car Corporation. Retrieved 2026-01-01.
  35. ^ "The Rise of Conscious Design". The Future Laboratory. Retrieved 2026-01-01.
  36. ^ "Conscious Design Principles". The Center for Conscious Design. Retrieved 2026-01-01.
  37. ^ "What is Conscious Design and How Do I Achieve It?". Inside Fashion Design. Retrieved 2026-01-01.
  38. ^ Lab, MIT Media (16 July 2015). "Introducing the Media Lab Award". Medium.
  39. ^ Dunne, Anthony; Raby, Fiona (6 December 2013). Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-01984-2. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
  40. ^ Malpass, Matt (Spring 2015). "Criticism and Function in Critical Design Practice" (PDF). Design Issues. 31 (2): 59–71. doi:10.1162/DESI_a_00322. S2CID 57571804.
  41. ^ Kanaani, Mitra (2023). The Routledge companion to ecological design thinking: healthful ecotopian visions for architecture and urbanism. New York, NY. ISBN 978-1-003-18318-1. OCLC 1332789897.cite book: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  42. ^ van der Ryn, Sim; Cowan, Stuart (1996). An Introduction to Ecological Design. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. ISBN 978-1-59726-140-1.
  43. ^ Schäfer M, Löwer M. Ecodesign—A Review of Reviews. Sustainability. 2021; 13(1):315. doi.org/10.3390/su13010315
  44. ^ Lewis, Tania (April 2008). "Transforming citizens? Green politics and ethical consumption on lifestyle television". Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies. 22 (2): 227–240. doi:10.1080/10304310701864394. S2CID 144299069.
  45. ^ Sanders, Elizabeth B.-N.; Stappers, Pieter Jan (2008). "Co-creation and the new landscape of design". CoDesign. 4 (1): 5–18. doi:10.1080/15710880701875068.
  46. ^ Mitchell, Val; Ross, Tracy; Sims, Ruth; Parker, Christopher J. (2015). "Empirical investigation of the impact of using co-design methods when generating proposals for sustainable travel solutions". CoDesign. 12 (4): 205–220. doi:10.1080/15710882.2015.1091894.
  47. ^ Trischler, Jakob; Pervan, Simon J.; Kelly, Stephen J.; Scott, Don R. (2018). "The Value of Codesign". Journal of Service Research. 21: 75–100. doi:10.1177/1094670517714060.
  48. ^ Cross, Nigel (1 June 1993). "Science and design methodology: A review". Research in Engineering Design. 5 (2): 63–69. doi:10.1007/BF02032575. ISSN 1435-6066. S2CID 110223861. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  49. ^ "Face shields, masks with valves ineffective against COVID-19 spread: study". phys.org. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  50. ^ Verma, Siddhartha; Dhanak, Manhar; Frankenfield, John (1 September 2020). "Visualizing droplet dispersal for face shields and masks with exhalation valves". Physics of Fluids. 32 (9): 091701. arXiv:2008.00125. Bibcode:2020PhFl...32i1701V. doi:10.1063/5.0022968. ISSN 1070-6631. PMC 7497716. PMID 32952381.
  51. ^ "Face masks slow spread of COVID-19; types of masks, length of use matter". phys.org. Archived from the original on 23 October 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  52. ^ Kumar, Sanjay; Lee, Heow Pueh (李孝培) (1 November 2020). "The perspective of fluid flow behavior of respiratory droplets and aerosols through the facemasks in context of SARS-CoV-2". Physics of Fluids. 32 (11): 111301. arXiv:2010.06385. Bibcode:2020PhFl...32k1301K. doi:10.1063/5.0029767. ISSN 1070-6631. PMC 7713871. PMID 33281434.
  53. ^ Segelström, Fabian; Raijmakers, Bas; Holmlid, Stefan (January 2009). "Thinking and Doing Ethnography in Service Design" (PDF). Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  54. ^ Buur, Jacob; Binder, Thomas; Brandt, Eva (2000-01-01). "Taking Video beyond 'Hard Data' in User Centred Design". Participatory Design Conference.
  55. ^ Holmlid, Stefan (2007-05-27). "Creative Arts". Nordes. Nordes 2007: Design Inquiries. 1 (2). doi:10.21606/nordes.2007.031. ISBN 978-1-912294-46-6. ISSN 1604-9705. S2CID 109110352 – via nordes.org in proceedings from Nordic Design Research Conference, Design Inquiries.
  56. ^ Sophia, Parker; Heapy, Joe (2006-07-01). "The Journey to the Interface, how public service design can connect users to reform" (PDF). Demos.

Further reading

[edit]

 

 

Gig Harbor, Washington
txʷaalqəɬ
Nicknames: 
The Maritime City, The Harbor
Location of Gig Harbor, Washington
Location of Gig Harbor, Washington
Coordinates: 47°20′45″N 122°36′31″W / 47.34583°N 122.60861°W / 47.34583; -122.60861
Country United States
State Washington
County Pierce
Government
 
 • Type Strong Mayor
 • Mayor Mary Barber[1]
Area
 • Total
6.12 sq mi (15.85 km2)
 • Land 5.90 sq mi (15.29 km2)
 • Water 0.22 sq mi (0.56 km2)
Elevation 108 ft (33 m)
Population
 • Total
12,029
 • Density 1,815.7/sq mi (701.05/km2)
Time zone UTC−8 (Pacific (PST))
 • Summer (DST) UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP Codes
98329, 98332, 98335
Area code 253
FIPS code 53-26735
GNIS feature ID 2410588[4]
Website cityofgigharbor.net

Gig Harbor (Lushootseed: txʷaalqəɬ) is the name of both a bay on Puget Sound and a city on its shore in Pierce County, Washington. The population was 12,029 at the 2020 census.[3]

Gig Harbor bills itself as "the Maritime City" and maintains a strong connection to its maritime heritage. Due to its close access to several state and city parks, and historic waterfront that includes boutiques and fine dining, it has become a popular tourist destination. Gig Harbor is located along State Route 16, about 6 mi (9.7 km) from its origin at Interstate 5, over the Tacoma Narrows Bridge.[5]

History

[edit]
Boats in Gig Harbor

The Gig Harbor is the traditional homeland of S'Homamish or Homamish (Lushootseed: sxʷəbabš), an ancestral band of the modern-day Puyallup people. The area is known in their Lushootseed language as txʷaalqəɬ, meaning "place where game exists".[6] There was a Puyallup settlement at the mouth of the harbor that included six houses, and a large longhouse. This village existed until the late 19th century, with the longhouse finally being torn down by settlers in 1915.[7][8] The band was later relocated to the Puyallup Indian Reservation.

During a heavy storm in 1840, Captain Charles Wilkes brought the captain's gig (small boat) into the harbor for protection. Later, with the publication of Wilkes' 1841 map of the Oregon Territory, the sheltered bay was named in English as Gig Harbor by George Sinclair for his boat.

In 1867, fisherman Samuel Jerisich came to the Gig Harbor area, along with many other immigrants from Sweden, Norway, and Croatia. The town was platted in 1888 by Alfred M. Burnham, the owner of a local general store and native of Albert Lea, Minnesota, where he advertised opportunities in Gig Harbor.[7][9]

Commercial fishing, boat building, and logging dominated the economy of the Gig Harbor area, which developed two business districts in the 1920s on opposite sides of the harbor.[7] Transportation between Gig Harbor and Tacoma was primarily handled by the "Mosquito fleet", a network of mostly-passenger steamships that traversed various points on Puget Sound. Automobiles were required to drive 107 miles (172 km) through Olympia to reach Tacoma; the Washington Navigation Company later launched a Point Defiance–Gig Harbor ferry service in 1927 that could carry 80 vehicles.[8][10] The first Tacoma Narrows Bridge was completed in July 1940 to replace the ferry crossing, but collapsed a few months later.[7] The ferry service was restored until the modern-day westbound bridge was completed in 1950.[10] A third bridge opened in 2007 to carry eastbound traffic on the expanded State Route 16 freeway.[7]

Gig Harbor was officially incorporated as a town on July 12, 1946, after a previous attempt in September 1945 was rejected by 13 votes. The town had 803 residents in 1950, but soon grew due to the ease of access afforded by the replacement bridge that turned Gig Harbor into a bedroom community for Tacoma workers.[7][11] Gig Harbor was re-incorporated as a city in 1981.[7] By the 1980s and 1990s, substantial residential and retail development had pushed the city's boundaries west to State Route 16, which had been upgraded to a partial freeway. The downtown area shifted towards tourism to compensate for lost business and attract new development.[citation needed] The city's historic boat building industry declined, but its facilities remain preserved as historic landmarks.[7] A fleet of commercial fishing boats is based in Gig Harbor and make annual trips to Alaska for the summer season to harvest salmon.[12]

Skansie shipyard

[edit]

In 1905, the Skansie brothers were the first in the area to build a gasoline-powered fishing boat. They did so at first by refitting boats with a gasoline-powered engine. Usually the motors were quite small, between 6 and 8 horsepower; the Skansie brothers originally used a 7-horsepower engine.[13] Although these were powerboats, neither masts nor a turntable to hoist in the nets were used. This work was all done by hand. However, with the introduction of a motor, the boats were not able to go as far as Alaska. Skansie shipyards built fishing vessels from the late 1910s to the early 1950s.

Geography

[edit]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.96 square miles (15.44 km2), of which 5.95 square miles (15.41 km2) are land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km2) is water.[14]

Climate

[edit]
Gig Harbor
Climate chart (explanation)
J
 
F
 

M

 

A

 

M

 

J

 

J

 

A

 

S

 

O

 

N

 

D

 
 
5.4
 
 
47
35
 
 
4.4
 
 
50
36
 
 
4.2
 
 
55
39
 
 
2.9
 
 
60
42
 
 
2
 
 
66
47
 
 
1.6
 
 
71
52
 
 
0.9
 
 
76
55
 
 
0.8
 
 
77
55
 
 
1.4
 
 
71
51
 
 
3.4
 
 
61
45
 
 
6.1
 
 
52
40
 
 
5.9
 
 
47
35

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F Precipitation totals in inches

Metric conversion
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
137
 
 
8
2
 
 
113
 
 
10
2
 
 
106
 
 
13
4
 
 
73
 
 
16
6
 
 
51
 
 
19
8
 
 
40
 
 
22
11
 
 
22
 
 
24
13
 
 
21
 
 
25
13
 
 
36
 
 
22
11
 
 
86
 
 
16
7
 
 
155
 
 
11
4
 
 
150
 
 
8
2
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm

Gig Harbor has a marine west coast climate: Warm and dry summers, transitional springs and autumns, and cool and wet winters, with occasional snow. The annual high and low temperatures of Gig Harbor are 59.3 and 44.8 °F (15.2 and 7.1 °C), respectively, making for an average of 52.05 °F (11.14 °C).[15]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
Census Pop. Note
1890 321  
1950 803  
1960 1,094   36.2%
1970 1,657   51.5%
1980 2,429   46.6%
1990 3,236   33.2%
2000 6,465   99.8%
2010 7,126   10.2%
2020 12,029   68.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[16]
2020 Census[3]
Aerial view, looking northwest, of the harbor and town of Gig Harbor, with Henderson Bay in background
Entering Gig Harbor

2020 census

[edit]

As of the 2020 census, Gig Harbor had a population of 12,029. The median age was 48.2 years. 19.8% of residents were under the age of 18 and 30.0% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 86.0 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 83.3 males age 18 and over.[17]

100.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 0.0% lived in rural areas.[18]

There were 5,171 households in Gig Harbor, of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 51.9% were married-couple households, 13.9% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 29.1% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[17]

There were 5,642 housing units, of which 8.3% were vacant. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.0% and the rental vacancy rate was 9.8%.[17]

Racial composition as of the 2020 census[19]
Race Number Percent
White 9,845 81.8%
Black or African American 171 1.4%
American Indian and Alaska Native 46 0.4%
Asian 596 5.0%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 42 0.3%
Some other race 221 1.8%
Two or more races 1,108 9.2%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 896 7.4%

2010 census

[edit]

As of the 2010 census,[20] 7,126 people, 3,291 households, and 1,937 families resided in the city. The population density was 1,197.6 inhabitants per square mile (462.4/km2). The 3,560 housing units averaged 598.3 units per square mile (231.0 units/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 90.2% White, 1.2% African American, 0.6% Native American, 2.4% Asian, 0.5% Pacific Islander, 1.4% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 5.8% of the population.

Of the 3,291 households, 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.1% were not families. About 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.69.

The median age in the city was 48.1 years; 18% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were 18 to 24; 21% were 25 to 44; 29% were 45 to 64; and 25% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46% male and 54% female.

2000 census

[edit]

As of the 2000 census, 6,465 people, 2,880 households, and 1,765 families resided in the city. The population density was 1,485.2 people per square mile (573.4 people/km2). The 3,085 housing units averaged 708.7 units per square mile (273.6 units/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 94.2% White, 1.1% African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 0.5% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 3.0% of the population.

Of the 2,880 households, 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.7% were not families. Around 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.75.

In the city, the population was distributed as 20.3% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $43,456, and for a family was $57,587. Males had a median income of $46,250 versus $28,487 for females. The per capita income for the city was $28,318. About 3.5% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under the age of 18 and 4.1% of those ages 65 or older.

Parks and recreation

[edit]

The 8.5-acre (3.4 ha) Tubby's Trail Dog Park in Gig Harbor near the Tacoma Narrows Bridge was opened in October 2014. The site is named in memory of a three-legged Black cocker spaniel who died during the bridge collapse of "Galloping Gertie" in 1940.[21]

Government

[edit]

At the state level, Gig Harbor is part of the 26th legislative district, which encompasses all of peninsular Pierce County and southeastern Kitsap County, including Bremerton and Port Orchard.[22] It is represented in the Washington State Legislature by senator Deborah Krishnadasan and representatives Adison Richards and Michelle Caldier.[23] At the federal level, Gig Harbor is part of the 6th congressional district and is represented by representative Emily Randall.[24]

Education

[edit]

The Peninsula School District is the district covering the city of Gig Harbor and the peninsula. It has three high schools: Gig Harbor High School, Peninsula High School, and Henderson Bay Alternative High School.[25] Tacoma Community College opened a satellite campus in Gig Harbor in 1992, and operates a branch serving Washington Corrections Center for Women, also in Gig Harbor.[26][27]

Newspaper

[edit]

The Peninsula Gateway is a weekly newspaper published in Gig Harbor since 1917.[28] It has been owned by McClatchy, publisher of the News Tribune and co-owner of The Seattle Times, since 1995.[29]

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ https://www.gigharborwa.gov/267/City-Council
  2. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c "2020 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File". American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 16, 2022.
  4. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Gig Harbor, Washington
  5. ^ "City of Gig Harbor Geographic Maps". Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
  6. ^ Hutchinson, Chase (March 1, 2021). "Estuary has new name, honoring tribe; you'll need to watch a video to pronounce it". The News Tribune. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
  7. ^ a b "Crossing the Narrows: Idea & dream, prehistory to 1937". Washington State Department of Transportation. Retrieved April 23, 2023.
  8. ^ Majors, Harry M. (1975). Exploring Washington. Van Winkle Publishing Co. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-918664-00-6.
  9. ^ a b Chase, Katie (October 24, 2016). "Skansie Shipbuilding Company of Gig Harbor launches the new ferry Defiance on January 16, 1927". HistoryLink. Retrieved April 23, 2023.
  10. ^ "Tacoma Narrows Bridge". Archived from the original on April 7, 2010. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
  11. ^ Webster, Kerry (September 23, 2021). "Record Alaska salmon catches buoy Gig Harbor fishing fleet with 'best season' in years". The News Tribune. Retrieved April 23, 2023.
  12. ^ "Skansie Shipbuilding Company (Gig Harbor)".
  13. ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 20, 2012. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
  14. ^ "Climate Gig Harbor - Washington".
  15. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". Census.gov. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  16. ^ a b c "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved February 22, 2026.
  17. ^ "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)". United States Census Bureau. 2023. Retrieved February 22, 2026.
  18. ^ "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved February 22, 2026.
  19. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
  20. ^ McNerthney, Casey (August 18, 2025). "Photographer Howard Clifford narrowly escapes the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge on November 7, 1940". HistoryLink. Retrieved August 25, 2025.
  21. ^ Adopted Legislative District 26 (PDF) (Map). Washington State Redistricting Commission. February 2022. Retrieved April 23, 2023.
  22. ^ "All Members, Districts, and Counties". Washington State Legislature. Retrieved March 19, 2025.
  23. ^ Monares, Freddy (November 6, 2024). "Emily Randall will represent WA's 6th congressional district". KNKX Public Radio. Retrieved March 19, 2025.
  24. ^ "Schools – Peninsula School District". Peninsula School District. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
  25. ^ Webster, Kerry (September 11, 2019). "New dean at TCC Gig Harbor started her education there". The News Tribune. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
  26. ^ Gross, Ashley (December 16, 2019). "Washington experiments with giving women in prison limited access to the internet". KNKX. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
  27. ^ "Charles Edward Trombley and The Peninsula Gateway". Harbor History Museum Blog. April 24, 2012. Retrieved February 15, 2025.
  28. ^ "Weekly sold to McClatchy". The Peninsula Clarion. Kenai, Alaska. Associated Press. June 22, 1995. p. 3.
  29. ^ "JAY FAERBER'S BLOG". jayfaerber.blogspot.com.
  30. ^ Marshall, Adam; Bostock, Adam (February 22, 2016). "Former Manchester United player Freddie Goodwin passes away". manutd.com. Archived from the original on February 23, 2016.
  31. ^ Vertuno, Jim (July 4, 2021). "Teen from Gig Harbor canoe club headed to Tokyo". Kitsap Sun. Retrieved April 19, 2023.
  32. ^ Friedrich, Ed (December 26, 2024). "Kilmer closing the book on political career". Gig Harbor Now. Retrieved October 5, 2025.
  33. ^ Wallace-Wells, Benjamin (June 18, 2021). "How a Conservative Activist Invented the Conflict Over Critical Race Theory". The New Yorker. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
[edit]

 

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